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Declaración Anual, gastos y devolución de impuestos
02
March

Declaración Anual, gastos y devolución de impuestos

De acuerdo a la Ley del I.S.R las Personas Físicas tienen la obligación de presentar su declaración anual, por lo que en Contadores y Abogados te damos a conocer los gastos que se consideran como deducciones anuales y sirven para la devolución de tus impuestos.

 

A. Deducciones personales

l. Honorarios médicos, Dentales, así como Gastos Hospitalarios.

Pagos por concepto de honorarios médicos y dentales, así como gastos hospitalarios, incluidos los gastos estrictamente indispensables efectuados por concepto de compra o alquiler de aparatos para el restablecimiento o rehabilitación del paciente, medicinas que se incluyan en los documentos que expidan las instituciones hospitalarias, honorarios a enfermeras y por análisis, estudios clínicos o prótesis.

Los pagos por los conceptos anteriormente mencionados son los efectuados para el propio contribuyente o para las siguientes personas, siempre que estas últimas no hayan obtenido en el ejercicio que se declara un ingreso superior a un salario mínimo general del área geográfica del contribuyente.

  1. Cónyuge
  2. Concubina (o)
  3. Ascendientes en línea recta (padres y abuelos)
  4. Descendientes en línea recta (hijos, nietos, bisnietos)

Asimismo, se permite la compra de lentes ópticos graduados para corregir defectos visuales, hasta por un monto de $2,500 en el ejercicio, por cada una de las personas mencionadas, siempre que se describan las características de dichos lentes en el comprobante que se expida o, en su defecto, se cuente con el diagnóstico de oftalmólogo u optometrista.

Sólo se podrán deducir los pagos por honorarios médicos y dentales, cuando en el recibo correspondiente se haga constar que quien presta el servicio cuenta con un título profesional de médico o de cirujano dentista.

ll. Gastos Funerarios.

Gastos en funerales, respecto a las personas señaladas en el punto anterior, cuando no excedan el equivalente al salario mínimo general del área geográfica del contribuyente elevada al año.

Las erogaciones realizadas para cubrir funerales a futuro se deducirán hasta el ejercicio en que se utilicen los servicios funerarios respectivos.

lll. Donativos

Son deducibles los donativos siempre y cuando satisfagan los requisitos fiscales aplicables, es decir, que se otorguen a donatarias autorizadas para recibir donativos deducibles.

Para estos efectos, el Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT) publica en el Diario Oficial de la Federación, así como en su página electrónica, www.sat.gob.mx, la lista de personas autorizadas para recibir donativos deducibles.

En el caso de personas físicas con actividad empresarial, cuando efectúen donativos de bienes, estos no serán deducibles si previamente se hubieran deducido como adquisición de mercancías, en su actividad comercial.

Los donativos deducibles están limitados hasta por una cantidad que no exceda del 7% de los ingresos acumulables que sirvieron para calcular el Impuesto sobre la Renta (ISR) del ejercicio inmediato anterior.

Intereses hipotecarios para casa habitación

Los intereses reales efectivamente pagados en el ejercicio por créditos hipotecarios destinados a la adquisición de casa habitación, contratados con las instituciones integrantes del sistema financiero, así como con los organismos públicos federales y estatales, siempre que el monto total de los crédito otorgados por dicho inmueble no exceda de un millón quinientas mil unidades de inversión a la fecha de adquisición (aproximadamente $6’900,000.00).

Para estos efectos, las instituciones otorgantes de los créditos hipotecarios deberán informar en el último estado de cuenta que envíen al contribuyente o en una constancia anual, el monto de los intereses reales pagados en el ejercicio.

Aquellos contribuyentes que otorguen el uso o goce del bien inmueble por el cual pagaron intereses reales en el ejercicio y los dedujeron conforme al capítulo correspondiente de la Ley del ISR (arrendamiento), no podrán incluir dichos intereses como deducción personal.

lV. Aportaciones complementarias de retiro

Cuando se realicen directamente en la subcuenta de aportaciones complementarias de retiro o a las cuentas de planes personales de retiro, así como las aportaciones voluntarias realizadas a la subcuenta de aportaciones voluntarias, siempre que en este último caso dichas aportaciones cumplan con los requisitos de permanencia para los planes de retiro. El monto de esta deducción será como máximo de 10% de sus ingresos acumulables en el ejercicio, sin que dichas aportaciones excedan del equivalente a cinco salarios mínimos generales de su área geográfica, elevados al año.

Debe tomarse en consideración que cuando los recursos invertidos en las subcuentas de aportaciones complementarias de retiro, en las subcuentas de aportaciones voluntarias o en los planes personales de retiro, así como los rendimientos que ellos generen, se retiren antes de que el contribuyente se encuentre en los supuestos de invalidez o incapacidad para realizar un trabajo remunerado, de conformidad con las leyes de seguridad social, o sin haber llegado a la edad de 65 años, el retiro se considerará ingreso acumulable e incluirá el monto total de las aportaciones que hubiese realizado a dicho plan o a la subcuenta de aportaciones voluntarias que en su momento hubiere deducido, así como los intereses reales devengados durante todos los años de la inversión; cifras que deberán estar debidamente actualizadas.

V. Primas por seguros de gastos médicos

Son deducibles las primas por seguros de gastos médicos, complementarios o independientes de los servicios de salud proporcionados por instituciones públicas de seguridad social, siempre que el beneficiario sea:

  1. cónyuge,
  2. concubina(o),
  3. ascendientes en línea recta y (padres y abuelos)
  4. descendientes en línea recta. (hijos, nietos, bisnietos)

Cabe aclarar que el pago del deducible del seguro de gastos médicos no debe considerarse como un gasto médico, ni como prima por concepto de dicho seguro, en virtud de que son erogaciones realizadas como una contraprestación de los servicios otorgados por la compañía aseguradora, por lo tanto, no es una deducción personal.

Vl. Transportación escolar obligatoria

Los gastos destinados a la transportación escolar de sus descendientes en línea recta (hijos, nietos), serán deducibles siempre y cuando la escuela obligue a todos sus alumnos a pagar el servicio de transporte, debiéndose separar en el comprobante que se expida el monto que corresponda a este concepto.

Vll. Impuesto local por salarios

Se podrán deducir los pagos efectuados por concepto del impuesto local sobre ingresos por salarios y en general por la prestación de un servicio personal subordinado, siempre que la tasa correspondiente no exceda del 5%. Este impuesto lo cubre la persona que percibe los salarios mediante retención que efectúa el patrón.

B. Estímulos fiscales

1. Cuentas personales para el ahorro y primas de seguros para el retiro

Los contribuyentes personas físicas que efectúen depósitos en las cuentas personales especiales para el ahorro, realicen pagos de primas de contratos de seguro que tengan como base planes de pensiones relacionados con la edad, jubilación o retiro, que al efecto autorice el SAT, o bien, adquieran acciones emitidas por las sociedades de inversión en instrumentos de deuda que dé a conocer el propio SAT, podrán restar el importe de dichos depósitos, pagos o adquisiciones de la cantidad a la que se le aplicaría la tarifa anual del artículo 177 de la Ley del ISR, correspondiente al ejercicio en que estos se efectuaron o al ejercicio inmediato anterior, cuando se efectúen antes de que se presente la declaración respectiva.

El importe de los depósitos, pagos o adquisiciones no podrá exceder en el año de calendario de que se trate, del equivalente a $152,000.00, considerando todos los conceptos.

Las cantidades mencionadas así como cualquier otra que derive de las mismas, deberán considerarse como ingresos acumulables del contribuyente en su declaración correspondiente al año de calendario en que sean recibidas o retiradas de su cuenta personal especial para el ahorro, del contrato de seguro de que se trate o de la sociedad de inversión de la que se hayan adquirido las acciones.

Si en los contratos celebrados, además se asegura la vida del contratante, no podrán incluir como deducción la parte de la prima que corresponda al componente de vida. La institución de seguros deberá desglosar en el contrato de seguro respectivo la parte de la prima que cubre el seguro de vida.

2. Deducción de colegiaturas

Se permite disminuir, de la base del ISR anual, los pagos por concepto de educación básica y media superior efectuados por el contribuyente para sí, para su cónyuge o para la persona con quien viva en concubinato, y para sus ascendientes y descendientes en línea recta, siempre que el cónyuge, concubino, ascendiente o descendiente de que se trate no perciba durante el año de calendario ingreso en cantidad igual o superior al equivalente a un salario mínimo general del área geográfica del contribuyente elevado al año.

El límite de deducción por nivel educativo al que aplica el estímulo es el siguiente:

  • Preescolar: $14, 200
  • Primaria: $12,900
  • Secundaria: $19,900
  • Profesional técnico: $17,100
  • Bachillerato o si equivalente: $24,500

 Requisitos y excepciones del pago y los comprobantes:

  1. Que se realicen a instituciones educativas privadas que tengan autorización o reconocimiento de validez oficial.
  2. Que sean para cubrir únicamente los servicios correspondientes a la enseñanza del alumno, lo que no incluye costos o cargas adicionales, como la inscripción o material didáctico, lo que debe estar claramente separado en los comprobantes.
  3.  Deberán realizarse mediante cheque nominativo, traspasos de cuentas en instituciones de crédito o casa de bolsa o mediante tarjeta de crédito, de débito o de servicios.
  4. Se deberá comprobar, mediante documentación que reúna requisitos fiscales, que las cantidades correspondientes fueron efectivamente pagadas en el año de calendario de que se trate a instituciones educativas residentes en el país. El comprobante que emita la institución educativa deberá incluir dentro de la descripción del servicio, el nombre del alumno, la Clave Única de Registro de Población (CURP), el nivel educativo e indicar por separado, los servicios que se destinen exclusivamente a la enseñanza del alumno, así como el valor unitario de los mismos sobre el importe total consignado en el comprobante.
  5. Cuando la persona que recibe el servicio sea diferente a la que realiza el pago, se deberá incluir en los comprobantes fiscales la clave del Registro Federal de Contribuyentes (RFC) de este último.
  6. Si el contribuyente recupera parte de dichas cantidades, el estímulo únicamente será aplicable por la diferencia no recuperada. Esta limitación es aplicable tratándose de recursos públicos, no así de los privados.

 

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