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Planeación Fiscal para Personas Físicas
15
January

Planeación Fiscal para Personas Físicas

Por desinformación muchos contribuyentes son renuentes a conocer a qué régimen fiscal pertenecen, situación que les puede representar un duro golpe a sus finanzas personales.

 

Para entender a qué régimen pertenecen es necesario sumergirse en los derechos y obligaciones de las personas físicas o morales. La persona física es aquella capaz de contraer obligaciones y ejercer sus derecho ante el Sistema de Administración Tributaria (SAT). La declaración anual se debe efectuar por personas físicas con ingresos por honorarios, si eres asalariado y ganas más de 400 mil pesos anuales o si tuviste dos patrones en un mismo año.

Para las personas físicas existen cinco tipos de regímenes fiscales:

  • Asalariados
  • Servicios Profesionales (Honorarios)
  • Arrendamiento de inmuebles
  • Actividades empresariales
  • Incorporación Fiscal

 Recuerda que es importante estar incorporado a estos regímenes con el objetivo de evitar problemas con el SAT y trastornos en sus finanzas personales y en tu planeación fiscal.

Cada uno de estos regímenes están activos en el SAT, por lo que necesariamente debes identificar a cuál perteneces y cumplas con las obligaciones al momento de inscribirte en cualquiera de ellos.

Como obligaciones generales, todos los regímenes deben estar inscritos en el Registro Federal de Contribuyentes (RFC)y mantener actualizada su información.

En Contadores y Abogados, compartimos contigo las obligaciones que deben cumplir cada uno de estos regímenes ante el SAT.

Asalariados: Personas que perciben salarios y demás prestaciones, procedente de un trabajo personal subordinado o a disposición de un empleador.

  • Declaración Anual

 Servicios Profesionales (Honorarios): Personas que obtengan ingresos por prestar servicios profesionales de manera independiente a empresas, dependencias de gobierno o personas físicas en general.

  • Expedir facturas que incluyan el sello digital del SAT, con el fin de que puedan deducir y acreditar fiscalmente.
  • Si sus ingresos son mayores a dos millones de pesos, deberán llevar su contabilidad en sistemas electrónicos. De no ser así, deberán registras ingresos, gastos e inversiones.
  • Hacer retenciones del Impuesto Sobre la Renta en pago de sueldos o salarios a trabajadores.
  • Entregar constancia de las percepciones que pagaron y de las retenciones que hicieron a sus empleado, a más tardar en el mes de Febrero de cada año.

 Arrendamiento de inmuebles: Personas que obtienen ingresos por otorgar en renta o alquiles bienes inmuebles.

  • Expedir facturas que incluyan el sello digital del SAT, y que sean válidos para deducir y acreditar fácilmente.
  • Declaraciones mensuales, anuales e informativas.
  • Hacer retenciones de ISR a sus trabajadores y entregarlas al SAT cada mes y en las fecha que declare sus impuestos.
  • Deberá entregar en efectivo las cantidades que resulten a favor por concepto de subsidio al empleo.
  • Entregar a los trabajadores la constancia anual de retenciones y percepciones, cuando la soliciten.
  • Presentar declaración informativa de las personas a las cuales se les hizo pago de sueldo y pagos por subsidio al empleo.
  • Presentar mensualmente la información de las operaciones con sus proveedores mediante el programa Declaración Informativa de Operaciones con Terceros (DIOT).

 Actividades Empresariales: Personas que realicen actividades comerciales, industriales, de autotransporte, agrícolas, ganaderas, de pesca o silvícolas. Para tributar en este régimen, el SAT no establece un límite de ingresos.

  • Expedir facturas que incluyan el sello digital del SAT
  • Al no generar ingresos superiores a dos millones de pesos, se podrá solamente registras los ingresos, gastos e inversiones. De lo contrario, tendrá que llevar su contabilidad en un sistema electrónico que tenga la capacidad de generar archivos en formato XML.

 Incorporación Fiscal: Personas físicas con actividades empresariales, que vendad bienes o presten servicios para lo que no se requiera un título profesional para efectuarlos.

Podrán ser contribuyente de este régimen siempre y cuando, no supere los dos millones de pesos al año.

  • Para expedir facturas electrónicas es necesario tramitar un certificado de sellos digitales, una vez realizado el trámite se podrá contratar a un proveedor de facturas electrónicas.
  • Se deberán registrar los ingresos, gastos e inversiones, realizándolo desde el portal del SAT:
  • La declaración de ingresos, gastos y proveedores se hará de forma bimestral.
  • Deberá entregar nota de venta a los clientes, cuando no requieran factura.

 Conocer a qué tipo de régimen fiscal perteneces es importante, ya que evitarás problemas a futuro.

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